Understanding Moissanite Costs: A Detailed Guide
Intro
Navigating the world of gemstones can feel a bit like trying to find a needle in a haystack, especially for those diving into the realm of moissanite. While many have become familiar with diamonds, sapphires, and their price tags, moissanite remains an intriguing option that’s garnering attention from gemstone enthusiasts and collectors alike.
This guide embarks on a detailed journey through the cost factors associated with moissanite—an extraordinary gemstone that, while less traditional, offers its own set of charms and challenges. Understanding moissanite is crucial, especially for buyers eager to make educated decisions in today’s market, where some say the price you pay might not always reflect the beauty of the stone.
In this article, we’ll cover a range of topics that feed into the pricing of moissanite: its quality, its comparative worth against other gemstones, and even the myths that sometimes circulate about it.
By pulling back the curtain on the factors that contribute to its cost, we aim to equip readers with the insights necessary for wise purchases, ensuring that no one walks away confused when it comes to investing in this stunning gem. So, let’s sink our teeth into this subject and unravel the threads of moissanite pricing!
Preamble to Moissanite
Moissanite, regarded as a brilliant alternative to diamonds, has taken the jewelry world by storm. Its unique allure, combined with a price point that beckons savvy buyers, makes understanding this gemstone vital for those looking to purchase fine jewelry. This section sets the stage for a deeper dive into moissanite's nuances, offering insights into what makes it tick—from its historical origins to its standout characteristics.
Historical Background
The inception of moissanite traces back to the year 1893, when the French chemist Henri Moissan discovered the mineral now known as silicon carbide in a meteorite crater in Arizona. This cosmic origin adds an intriguing layer to moissanite's narrative, suggesting that it literally comes from the stars. While natural moissanite is exceedingly rare, advancements in technology in the late 20th century allowed for the creation of synthetic versions that possess the same dazzling properties. These cultured stones have opened up a world where people can enjoy the beauty of moissanite without the hefty price tag associated with natural gemstones.
Interestingly enough, moissanite was initially viewed as a curiosity rather than a contender in the gemstone market. Over the years, as appreciation for quality craftsmanship and ethical sourcing grew, people began to take notice. Heritage-rich gems like diamonds started to face scrutiny, and moissanite's environmentally friendly creation process caught the attention of eco-conscious consumers. Today, with its vibrant fire and scintillation, moissanite stands shoulder to shoulder with traditional gemstones in the hearts of many buyers.
Characteristics of Moissanite
Moissanite isn’t just defined by its affordability; it’s riddled with distinctive traits that set it apart. To start, its brilliance and fire often outpace that of diamonds, with a higher refractive index that makes it sparkle in a way that catches the eye. In simple terms, this means that moissanite tends to have a dazzling visual impact under light—making it a hit in engagement rings or other fine jewelry where presentation matters.
Another notable characteristic is its hardness. Moissanite ranks 9.25 on the Mohs scale, right behind diamond at a 10. This durability means it can withstand the daily wear that comes with engagement or fashion jewelry.
When it comes to clarity, although some moissanites may show inclusions, many are eye-clean, meaning they are free of visible flaws when looked at with the naked eye. The interplay of color also adds an interesting twist; moissanites are often available in various color grades, giving consumers a rich palette to choose from. Whether you're looking for a classic clear stone or something with a bit of warmth, there's a moissanite option tailored to individual tastes.
In summary, understanding moissanite's foundation—its history and its defining characteristics—is essential in navigating the gemstone market. Grasping these details enables buyers to appreciate its value in ways that go beyond price tags. Armed with knowledge, they can make more informed decisions in selecting the perfect piece of jewelry.
The Moissanite Market Landscape
In today's gemstone sphere, the moissanite market stands as a transformative force. As expectations shift toward sustainable and ethical purchasing, understanding the dynamics of this market segment becomes crucial for buyers aiming to make informed decisions. Moissanite, valued for its brilliance and affordability, has carved out a unique niche that both complements and challenges traditional gemstones like diamonds. Insights into the market landscape reveal key elements such as demand and supply dynamics and the industry's prominent players.
Demand and Supply Dynamics
The interplay between demand and supply for moissanite is an intricate dance, shaped by consumer preferences and industry advancements. Initially developed in labs, moissanite emerged as a viable alternative to diamonds; this affordability has fueled its enthusiasm among buyers. As more individuals are inclined towards ethical stones, especially younger generations, moissanite meets this requirement with its lab-grown origin.
- Rising Interest: There’s an increasing trend in consumers leaning towards eco-friendly choices. Moissanite provides a clear edge, as it’s often produced with minimal environmental impact.
- Pricing Affordability: In the aftermath of fluctuating diamond prices, buyers are concentrating on alternatives that retain beauty without breaking the bank.
- Limited Supply: However, the supply of high-quality moissanite can be somewhat restrictive, primarily because it is still a relatively new product in the gemstone arena. Consequently, when outstanding quality is found, prices can see an upward surge.
Such factors are shaping both consumer sentiment and overall market trends.
Key Players in the Moissanite Industry
The moissanite landscape features a variety of industry players, each playing a crucial role in shaping perceptions, quality, and availability of the stones. A mixture of new entrants alongside established gemstone retailers brings diversity into the market. Understanding these players can help buyers better navigate their options.
- Charles & Colvard: As a pioneer in the moissanite market, this brand emphasizes quality and innovation. They have done much to educate consumers about the stone, positioning themselves as leaders in this new frontier.
- MoissaniteCo: Focusing on providing a broad range of designs, they cater to a fashionable demographic eager for stylish options. Their creations often resonate with younger audiences.
- Jared and Kay Jewelers: These established retailers are increasingly showcasing moissanite alongside more traditional stones. Their inclusion indicates the growing acceptance of moissanite in mainstream jewelry.
It's essential to evaluate not just the products offered but also how each player influences consumer understanding and preferences. Valuable insights gleaned from recognizing these dynamics can guide buyers in finding the right moissanite according to their taste and budget.
Quality Factors Affecting Moissanite Pricing
When diving into the realm of moissanite, it becomes clear that several quality factors play a pivotal role in determining its price. To grasp the nuances of moissanite pricing, one must look beyond just the gem's market presence. Elements such as cut, clarity, color, and carat weight all contribute to not just the aesthetic appeal of the stone but also its commercial value. Each of these factors carries distinct implications that can significantly influence how much you'll pay and what value you receive in return.
Cut and Its Impact on Value
The cut of a moissanite is akin to the artist's brushstroke on a canvas; it dictates the gem's overall brilliance and beauty. A well-executed cut can enhance light performance, making the stone shimmer and sparkle in a way that captures the eye.
- Brilliance and Fire: A properly cut moissanite optimizes its brilliance, allowing it to reflect light effectively, showcasing the vibrant facets that define its character.
- Shapes and Styles: Various shapes such as round, pear, or princess can determine the value too. Round cuts typically command higher prices due to their popularity and the skill required to produce them.
- Craftsmanship: When assessing the cut, consider craftsmanship. A top-notch cut may mean a slightly higher price but often results in a significantly more striking piece.
In any case, a deeper understanding of how cut affects light can help guide buyers when making their choices.
Clarity Ratings Explained
Clarity ratings are essential in determining the purity of moissanite, much like the quality assessments for diamonds. These ratings, often graded on a scale, can range from flawless to included, reflecting the presence of any internal or external imperfections.
- Grading Scale: Familiarity with the grading scale can help potential buyers recognize what clarity level they are willing to invest in. For instance, a rating of VVS (Very Very Slightly Included) is coveted and often comes at a premium.
- Impact on Pricing: Higher clarity ratings generally lead to higher prices. This is because the fewer the visible inclusions, the more desirable the stone.
- Viewer Consideration: Remember, clarity is subjective. What might seem unnoticeable to an untrained eye could influence pricing significantly.
Understanding clarity can demystify why certain stones carry a heftier price tag than others.
Color Grades and Their Importance
Color plays a vital role in the appeal and value of moissanite. While the gem is renowned for its ability to reflect light beautifully, the undertones can vary, presenting buyers with different color grades.
- D to Z Scale: Moissanite is typically graded on a scale from D (colorless) to Z (light yellow). Stones with less color generally attract higher prices as they exhibit a more exquisite appearance.
- Differences in Appearance: Understanding color grading can aid buyers in selecting stones that align with their preferences. For instance, if a ring with a slightly warmer hue fits a buyer's style, they may save some cash without sacrificing beauty.
- Value Connection: A strong grasp on the importance of color can lead buyers to make informed purchases, as color often influences what others see and value in the gem.
Carat Weight and Pricing
Carat weight, often portrayed as the final judgment of size and worth, does have significant sway over moissanite pricing. However, it's critical to comprehend what this means beyond just numbers.
- Perceived Size: Typically, larger stones yield higher prices. Yet, moissanite tends to have a greater visual impact than comparable diamond carat weights, making size perception a bit skewed.
- Weight vs. Value: More carats naturally mean a higher price, but understanding the context of that weight in relation to quality can reveal the true value.
- Trade-offs: Balancing carat weight with cut and clarity can lead buyers to better transactional choices. A slightly smaller, higher-quality stone might often provide more satisfaction than a larger, lower-grade alternative.
"Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of intelligent effort." – John Ruskin
Evaluating moissanite through the lens of cut, clarity, color, and carat can enlighten your purchasing journey, ensuring you select stones that truly reflect your taste and investment goals.
Comparison with Other Gemstones
When exploring the cost of moissanite, it becomes essential to compare it with other gemstones such as diamonds and cubic zirconia. This comparison does not just highlight their differences in price but also sheds light on their qualities, the perceptions surrounding them, and the value they bring to consumers. By understanding how moissanite measures up against these alternative gems, buyers can make more informed decisions based on their preferences and requirements.
Moissanite vs. Diamonds
The first and perhaps the most significant comparison is between moissanite and diamonds. Though they serve similar purposes in jewelry, their characteristics often lead to a divergence in expectation and appreciation.
- Price: Moissanite is notably less expensive than diamonds. While diamonds can range from several thousand dollars, moissanite often costs a fraction of that, making luxury more accessible. This price difference is not just because of the stones themselves but includes the mining processes and the overall supply chain surrounding diamonds.
- Visual Appearance: Both diamonds and moissanite possess stunning brilliance, but their light performance differs. Moissanite tends to reflect more light and may exhibit a colorful sparkle known as “fire,” which some people find captivating, but others might see it as a bit too flashy.
- Durability: In terms of hardness, both stones are resilient. However, diamonds take the crown with a score of 10 on the Mohs scale, while moissanite scores around 9.25. This slight variation gives diamonds a slight edge in terms of scratch resistance, but for most practical purposes, moissanite is quite durable, too.
- Ethical Considerations: With the rise of synthetic gemstones, many buyers are inclined towards moissanite for its ethical sourcing. The mining of diamonds can often come with a troubled history, whereas moissanite is usually lab-created, eliminating some ethical dilemmas.
"Moissanite provides an attractive alternative to diamonds, carrying an allure of beauty without the hefty price tag."
Moissanite vs. Cubic Zirconia
Cubic zirconia is another gem frequently compared to moissanite, often better known for its affordability. Here are elements to consider when placing these two against each other:
- Cost and Value: Cubic zirconia is usually the most affordable choice. However, its low cost can sometimes lead to a perception of lesser value, particularly in a market that increasingly values gemstone authenticity. Moissanite, while still relatively affordable, has an appeal that comes from its unique optical properties and perceived value.
- Visual Simulation: While both stones aim to imitate diamonds, moissanite shows a higher level of brilliance compared to cubic zirconia. The visual difference can be particularly noticeable in natural light, which may effect jewelry choices.
- Durability Comparison: Cubic zirconia, much like moissanite, is durable but falls short on the hardness scale with a rating of about 8-8.5. In contrast, moissanite is sturdier and a better option for everyday wear.
- Market Perception: The jewelry industry places moissanite generally higher in desirability than cubic zirconia. While cubic zirconia is often seen as a budget alternative, many appreciate moissanite for balancing cost and quality, thus transcending mere imitation.
Market Perceptions of Moissanite
Understanding how the market views moissanite is vital for potential buyers. Its reputation is gradually evolving, influenced by:
- Consumer Awareness: An increasing number of consumers are learning about the benefits of moissanite, such as its fire and brilliance. Education plays a huge role in refining market perception.
- Celebrity Influence: With several public figures opting for moissanite engagement rings, interest has grown significantly. Their visibility has propelled some of the misconceptions associated with moissanite into a more benign light.
- Social Media Platforms: Online communities, like those on Reddit and Instagram, are pivotal in showcasing the beauty of moissanite without the stigmas traditionally surrounding lab-created stones. This creates a supportive environment for enthusiasts who embrace moissanite as an alternative to more conventional choices.
In summary, understanding the nuances between moissanite, diamonds, and cubic zirconia is crucial. Each gemstone has its own set of characteristics that cater to different consumer needs and values. By making these comparisons, buyers can better navigate their choices in the gemstone market.
Purchasing Moissanite: Trends and Insights
When diving into the world of moissanite, understanding the purchasing landscape is crucial. The journey isn’t merely about picking a sparkling stone; it involves navigating through the myriad of elements that inform the buying process, from the quality of the gemstones to the reputation of the retailers. This section sheds light on current trends and provides insights that empower buyers to make choices that align with their values and needs.
Where to Buy Moissanite
The advent of online shopping has revolutionized how consumers purchase moissanite. While brick-and-mortar stores still hold their place, many buyers now turn to the convenience of the internet. Among the most trusted online retailers are companies like Brilliant Earth and Charles & Colvard. These platforms often provide detailed product specifications, high-resolution images, and customer reviews which aid in decision-making.
Here are a few tips on where to look:
- Online Retailers: Websites like James Allen and MoissaniteCo offer a wide selection and often allow customizations.
- Local Jewelers: Visiting a local jewelry store can provide hands-on experience and personal interaction, which many buyers find reassuring.
- Gem Shows: These events can be treasure troves for finding unique pieces, often at competitive prices, plus a chance to meet the sellers directly.
"Buying moissanite is like searching for treasure; you have to know where to look to find the gems of the market."
Evaluating Retailer Reputation
Once you've narrowed down potential retailers, assessing their reputation is paramount. Not all sellers are created equal, and a trustworthy retailer can make a significant difference in the buying experience.
Here are several aspects to consider when evaluating a retailer:
- Customer Reviews: Look for feedback across platforms like Reddit or consumer review sites. Patterns in reviews can reveal a lot about customer satisfaction.
- Return Policy: A clear and fair return policy signifies a retailer’s confidence in their products. It’s essential that you feel secure in case your purchase doesn't meet your expectations.
- Certification: Ensure that the moissanite you're considering comes with proper certification from reputable gemological institutes.
Understanding Pricing Structures
To make a wise investment in moissanite, it’s critical to grasp how pricing works in this market. Unlike traditional diamonds, moissanite is generally more affordable, but prices can still vary widely based on various factors.
A few key points to keep in mind:
- Gem Quality: Higher quality stones, based on cut, clarity, color, and carat weight, naturally command better prices.
- Market Trends: Keeping an eye on market fluctuations can help you decide when to buy. Prices can sometimes dip during certain seasons or promotional periods.
- Customization Options: If customization is part of the deal, remember that it typically adds to the overall cost.
Lastly, always keep your guard up. Comparison shopping can help you find the best deals without sacrificing quality. So take your time and do your homework; after all, a prudent buyer is a successful buyer.
Misconceptions and Myths About Moissanite
Moissanite has carved a niche for itself in the gemstone market, but it hasn't been without its share of misunderstandings. Clearing these misconceptions is crucial for anyone considering a purchase. Buyers deserve clarity on what moissanite truly is and how it compares to other gemstones, particularly diamonds. Many folks, sometimes influenced by older perceptions and myths, can be apprehensive when it comes to choosing moissanite. Knowledge is power in this scenario, allowing potential buyers to make informed choices and embrace the benefits moissanite brings.
Common Misunderstandings
- "Moissanite Is Just an Imitation of Diamond": This is perhaps the most prevalent myth swirling around moissanite. While it's true that moissanite is often compared to diamonds due to its visual similarities, it's a natural mineral in its own right. Found first in meteorites, it was primarily discovered in 1893 by Henri Moissan, a French chemist.
- "Moissanite Is Not a Real Gemstone": Many people tend to dismiss moissanite as a synthetic stone. However, the reality is more nuanced. While some moissanite is lab-created for ethical and sustainability reasons, it doesn't discount its legitimacy as a gemstone. It possesses unique properties, like its remarkable brilliance and fire, distinguishing it from its counterparts.
- "All Moissanite Looks the Same": Another misconception is that every piece of moissanite has a uniform appearance. In fact, like all gemstones, there is a variety of quality levels due to differences in cut, color, and clarity. So it’s quite possible to find moissanites that rival the finest diamonds in terms of sparkle and fire.
- "Moissanite Is Much Less Valuable Than Diamonds": While it is generally more affordable, equating lower price with lesser value is misleading. The value of moissanite isn't solely defined by price; it captures beauty, uniqueness, and durability. Some buyers may find greater satisfaction in a high-quality moissanite than in a lower-quality diamond due to the advantages it offers.
Moissanite buyers should not fall prey to these misunderstandings. Understanding these misconceptions helps potential consumers view moissanite in a better light and appreciate its distinct qualities.
Clearing the Air Around Durability
When discussing gemstones, durability is always a hot topic. Many believe that since moissanite is not a diamond, it must be less durable. This idea couldn't be further from the truth.
Moissanite actually ranks commendably on the Mohs hardness scale, standing at a 9.25, surmounting many other gemstones, including sapphires and emeralds. For comparison, diamond takes the crown with a perfect 10. However, the minor difference means that moissanite can withstand the rigors of daily wear especially in jewelry settings.
Durability also includes resistance to scratches, chips, and heating—areas where moissanite shines brightly. That alone debunks the idea that it’s fragile. Moissanite can handle everyday rigors with a grace that keeps it looking spectacular.
"Understanding moissanite’s durability can foster greater confidence among potential buyers and enthusiasts, ensuring they appreciate its performance for years to come."
In closing, misconceptions and myths about moissanite don't hold water when weighed against facts. As buyers become more informed, they can not only make better purchase choices but also celebrate the very real virtues of this remarkable gemstone.
Moissanite Care and Maintenance
Taking good care of your moissanite is not just about preserving its beauty; it's about safeguarding your investment. If you’ve chosen moissanite for its stunning brilliance and durability, you’ll want to keep it looking like new for years to come. The right maintenance practices can ensure that your moissanite remains a timeless piece in your jewelry collection while also enhancing its value.
Cleaning Techniques
Cleaning your moissanite is fundamentally important. Over time, oils from the skin, dust, and other contaminants can cloud its surface, dulling that gorgeous sparkle. Here are some effective cleaning methods:
- Soapy Water Solution: Mix a few drops of mild dish soap with warm water. Soak the moissanite in this solution for about 20 to 30 minutes. After soaking, use a soft toothbrush to gently scrub around the setting and underneath the stone. Rinse thoroughly under lukewarm water and dry with a soft, lint-free cloth.
- Ultrasonic Cleaners: While ultrasonic cleaners can be efficient for many gemstones, care must be taken. Verify if your specific moissanite setting can withstand ultrasonic cleaning. Always consult with a jeweler if you’re unsure.
- Commercial Jewelry Cleaners: Some products are specifically formulated to clean moissanite and can be a one-stop solution. Just ensure that they're safe and won’t tarnish the metal setting.
- Avoid Abrasives: When cleaning, never use harsh chemicals or abrasive materials, as these can scratch or damage the stone and the setting. Remember, moissanite has a hardness rating of 9.25, but the setting may be softer depending on the material used.
"Regular cleaning not only enhances the appearance of your moissanite but also helps spot any potential issues with the setting before they become serious problems."
Storage Best Practices
How you store your moissanite is crucial for its preservation. By following a few simple guidelines, you can protect your precious gems from scratches and environmental damage.
- Separate It from Other Jewelry: When storing your moissanite, it’s wise to keep it in a soft cloth jewelry pouch or a dedicated box. This mitigates the risk of scratches from other harder gemstones or metals.
- Avoid Humidity and Heat: Excessive moisture can lead to tarnishing or other damage to the settings. Store your moissanite in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources, which can impact the integrity of certain metals.
- Check Your Storage Regularly: It’s a good idea to routinely check on the condition of your stored moissanite. Look for any signs of tarnishing, dirt accumulation, or loosening of the setting, as addressing these issues early on can save a lot of hassle down the line.
- Consider a Professional Check-Up: If your piece is more elaborate or is worn frequently, a yearly professional cleaning and inspection can keep your moissanite sparkling and in perfect condition. Jewelers can also check the setting integrity and ensure everything is secure.
By adopting these care and maintenance habits, you can enjoy your moissanite's radiance while ensuring it remains a delightful possession for many years to come.
Future of Moissanite in the Jewelry Industry
The future of moissanite in the jewelry industry is a topic worth diving into, especially considering how quickly consumer preferences are shifting. Unlike traditional gemstones like diamonds, moissanite appeals for its affordability and ethical sourcing, making it an attractive option for modern buyers. As these elements continue to rise in importance, understanding how they shape the market for moissanite will help customers and industry players alike navigate the evolving landscape.
Emerging Trends
As consumer awareness and preferences change, new trends are emerging that will certainly impact the moissanite market. Some key trends to keep an eye on include:
- Customization demand: More buyers are seeking personalized pieces. Jewelers are rising to the challenge, offering custom designs that incorporate moissanite, catering to individual tastes and styles.
- Collaborations with designers: Fashion designers are increasingly integrating moissanite into their collections, which boosts its visibility. These partnerships not only elevate the stone's appeal but also encourage consumers to view moissanite as a fashionable alternative.
- Creative cuts and styles: The traditional round cut is not the only option anymore. New and innovative cuts are being developed which enhance moissanite's brilliance and aesthetic appeal. This shift reflects a broader trend in the jewelry market of celebrating unique and artistic pieces.
Until recently, moissanite was often overshadowed by more popular gemstones, but the tide is certainly turning. The growing fascination with sustainability and personalized jewelry nudges moissanite into the spotlight.
Sustainability Considerations
Sustainability in gemstones has become a hot-button issue, and moissanite has an interesting position. Here’s how moissanite aligns with sustainability goals:
- Ethically sourced: Unlike some traditional stone mining, which can cause significant environmental damage, moissanite can often be created in labs that minimize negative impacts on the earth.
- Sustainable production: Many manufacturers focus on reducing waste and energy use during the production process, presenting moissanite as an eco-friendly alternative to mined stones.
- Longevity: Moissanite is incredibly durable, rated just behind diamonds on the Mohs scale of hardness. This means that pieces made with moissanite can last a lifetime, contributing to a more sustainable jewelry market as it reduces the need for frequent replacements.
In a world increasingly leaning toward ethical consumerism, moissanite seems poised to capture attention as a responsible choice in the jewelry industry. As buyers continue to seek out both beauty and conscience, moissanite may very well thrive amid the fluctuations of market demand.
Finale
As we wrap up this extensive exploration of moissanite, it’s crucial to recognize the impact of this beautiful gemstone on the jewelry market. The cost of moissanite is not just a reflection of its quality, but also of the larger narrative it is part of—encompassing aspects like market trends, consumer awareness, and evolving standards in sustainability.
In the jewelry world, understanding moissanite is advantageous for buyers and sellers alike, empowering them to make well-informed choices. As moissanite gains traction as a worthy alternative to diamonds, its pricing factors become vital to prospective buyers hoping to navigate this complex landscape.
Key elements to consider are:
- The nuances of cut, clarity, color, and carat weight that contribute to the final price.
- The dynamics of supply and demand shaping the market movements.
- The long-held misconceptions that often cloud consumer judgment.
- The commitment to sustainability as a growing trend in gemstone selection.
Not only does this guide deepen your understanding of the cost dynamics surrounding moissanite, but it also highlights the importance of staying updated with industry shifts. With the right knowledge, one can confidently make decisions that suit their individual preferences and values.
Recap of Key Points
Throughout the article, several significant aspects have emerged. Here’s a condensed view:
- Historical Context: Recognizing moissanite’s storied past can enrich appreciation.
- Market Dynamics: The purchasing environment is ever-evolving, emphasizing the importance of informed choices.
- Evaluating Quality: Cut, clarity, color, and carat weight are pivotal criteria in determining value.
- Comparative Analysis: Understanding how moissanite stands against diamonds and cubic zirconia offers insights into its unique qualities.
- Trends and Myths: Awareness of ongoing trends and debunking myths is fundamental for consumers wanting to make educated selections.
Final Thoughts
Understanding these elements will not only inform your purchasing decisions but also enrich your appreciation for moissanite as a gemstone. Investing in moissanite is not just a financial decision; it's about aligning your choices with personal values and broader environmental considerations.
As you move forward, keep these facets in mind, and remember that knowledge is power when navigating the stunning world of gemstones.
